InSAR monitoring for mining

Ground movement is inherent to mining operations. Whether from active extraction, tailings consolidation, groundwater changes, or post-closure rehabilitation, understanding how the ground behaves is fundamental to safe and efficient operations. InSAR provides mining operators with continuous, wide-area surveillance that complements traditional ground-based monitoring. Satellite revisit times of 6-12 days deliver systematic measurements across entire concessions, detecting displacement patterns that might be missed by sparse point surveys. For remote or inaccessible sites, this capability is particularly valuable - there is no requirement for personnel to enter hazardous areas to collect data.

Open pit and underground operations

  • Active mining creates complex stress redistributions that manifest as surface displacement.

  • InSAR monitoring tracks pit wall stability, identifying areas of accelerating movement that may indicate developing slope failures.

  • For underground operations, surface subsidence patterns reveal information about extraction progress, pillar performance, and the propagation of goaf zones.

  • Historical satellite archives extending back to the 2014 enable retrospective analysis of sites with long operational histories.


InSAR detects spatial patterns of ground movement at a coal mine (location and movement scale anonymised).

This example shows how InSAR can be used to track pit wall stability and subsidence patterns.


Groundwater and subsidence

  • Mining operations frequently alter regional groundwater regimes, with effects that may extend well beyond the mining lease.

  • InSAR detects the broad subsidence bowls associated with aquifer depressurisation, tracking their extent and evolution over time.

  • Post-closure, monitoring captures groundwater rebound and any associated ground heave, supporting long-term liability management.


Tailings Storage Facilities (TSFs)

  • TSF failures represent one of mining's most significant risks, with consequences that can extend far beyond site boundaries.

  • InSAR provides continuous monitoring of embankment deformation, detecting settlement, lateral movement, and localised instability across the entire facility footprint.

  • This supports both operational management and regulatory compliance, with measurement records that demonstrate ongoing stability assessment.


InSAR detects spatial patterns of ground movement at a TSF (location and movement scale anonymised).

This example shows how InSAR can be used to track embankment deformation adjacent to critical infrastructure.


Heap leach and waste rock

  • Heap leach pads and waste rock dumps undergo consolidation and settlement throughout their operational lives and beyond.

  • InSAR tracks these movements systematically, identifying differential settlement that might compromise liner integrity or drainage systems.

  • This supports both operational integrity and closure planning.


Rehabilitation and closure

  • Demonstrating successful rehabilitation requires evidence of ground stability over extended periods.

  • InSAR provides the continuous, objective measurement record needed to satisfy regulatory requirements and support progressive sign-off of rehabilitated areas.

  • The technique's independence from site access makes it particularly suited to long-term post-closure monitoring programmes.

  • Our assessments integrate satellite-derived measurements with geotechnical context to support informed decision-making.


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Civil Infrastructure